Jumat, 22 April 2016

Active and Passive Sentences, Relative Clauses, and Conditional Sentences



       I.            Active Sentence/Active Voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) yang subject-nya melakukan suatu pekerjaan atau terdapat aksi. Verb yang digunakan yaitu bentuk dasar dari verb atau  dengan “to be”.
Text Box: Subject + Verb (yang disesuaikan tenses-nya) + (Direct) ObjectRumus : 


            Contoh Active Voice
-          Nizam is opening the door.
-          Hisyam is going to close the window.
-          The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
-          Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon.
-          Zelly has suggested a new idea.

    II.            Passive Sentence/Passive Voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) yang subject-nya tidak melakukan suatu pekerjaan atau tidak melakukan aksi. Di dalam passive voice tidak diperlukan adanya object. Dengan kata lain, Object dapat dihilangkan dan dapat juga digunakan.
Ada 2 macam verb dalam passive voice, yaitu :
1)     Transitive (memerlukan object), contoh : buy, drink, eat, make, etc.
2)     Intransitive (tidak memerlukan object), contoh : go, come, sleep, run, swim, etc.
Text Box: Subject + auxiliary verb + past participleRumus :


Contoh Passive Voice :
-          The door is being opened by Nizam.
-          The window is going to be closed by Hisyam.
-          The lesson is going to be explained  by the teacher.
-          The farmer’s wagon was being pulled by two horses.
-          A new idea has been suggested by Zelly.

 III.            Relative Clauses adalah anak kalimat yang memodifikasi noun (kata benda) atau noun phrase.
Relative Clauses  dapat dibagi menjadi relative pronoun, relative adverb, and none of them.
1.     A Relative Pronoun (who, whom, which, that, whose).
Contoh :
a.       The boy who is playing on the yard is my cousin.
b.      He is the one for whom i’m waiting.
c.       The book that i read is very awesome.
d.      She ask me to choose the color which i like.
e.       I broke my glasses that buy in London.

2.     A Relative Adverb (where, why, and when)
Contoh :
a.       The city where i live is so clean.
b.      I don’t know why i’m so curios about it.
c.       I always remember that time when i first met you .
d.      The place where i go is so far my house.
e.       That school is the place where i study.

Keterangan :
ü  Who – Subject atau Object yang digunakan untuk menggantikan orang.
ü  Which – Subject atau Obejct pronoun yang digunakan untuk menggantikan benda.
ü  Whom – digunakan object pronoun untuk orang khususnya dalam non-restrictive clause.
ü  That – Subject atau object pronoun untuk orang, hewan, dan benda. Tetapi lebih baik tidak digunakan untuk pronoun orang.
ü  Where – menunjuk pada tempat
ü  When – menunjuk pada waktu
ü  Why – menunjuk pada alasan
3.     None of Them
Contoh :
a.       The girl I met is so beautiful.

  IV.            Conditional Sentence
Conditional Sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau tidak mungkin terjadi. Conditional sentence dibagi menjadi 3 tipe, yaitu :
1)     First Conditional (Type 1)
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan atau mengandaikan sesuatu yang belum terjadi dalam waktu dekat. Menyatakan suatu pola sebab dan akibat.
Pola kalimat :


Text Box: If + Subject + Verb1 +Subject +Will + Verb 1
 



                                               
                                                                        atau


Text Box: Subject + may + Verb 1 + that + Subject + may + Verb 1 + object
 




contoh conditional sentence type 1 :
-          If i study hard, i will pass the final examination.
-          If i go to Japan, i will learn japanese
-          If i know who they are, i will not shame anymore.
-          If i get a good score at math, i will buy my mother cake.
-          It may be rain tomorrow, what may you do?
2)    Second Conditional (Type 2)
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi atau bertentangan dengan  kenyataan di waktu sekarang. Biasanya digunakan pula untuk menyatakan suatu khayalan.
Text Box: If + Subject + Verb2 + Subject + Would + Verb1Pola kalimat :



                                                Atau

Text Box: Subject + don’t/doesn’t + Verb + Subject + Would + Verb 1 




Contoh Conditional sentense Type 2 :
-          If Rony got the job in foreign company, he would buy a new car
-          If i were a boy, i would be your boy friend.
-          If it doesn’t snow next month, i wouldn’t buy new coat.
-          I wouldn’t go if i don’t have enough money.
-          I would be a rich man if i have an excellent job.

3)    Third Conditional (Type 3)
Digunakan untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang sudah terjadi dan tidak terjadi di masa lalu. Biasanya juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu penyesalan.
Text Box: If + Subject + had +Verb 3 + Subject + Would have + Verb  3Pola kalimat :



Text Box: Subject + didn’t + Verb 1 + that + Subject + Would not + Verb 1Atau

Contoh conditional sentense type 3 :
-          If Astri had been free yesterday, i would have asked her to go.
-          If i had lived in England, i would speak english well.
-          If it were not rainging right now, i would go to the zoo with my brother.
-          If i had prepared some foods from home, i would not be hungry on my way.
-          I would have come to your home but i had to go to my father’s birthday party.

Referensi:
1.      Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 1989. Understanding and Using English Grammar. United States of America: Prentice Hall Regents.
2.      Murphy, Raymon. 2004. English Grammar in Use. Singapore: Cambridge University Press.
3.      Sofyan, Fahmi. 2008. Bank Soal Lengkap Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta: Pustaka Tarbiyah Baru.
6.      www.edufind.com


Nama : Inatesia Fatmawati
NPM   : 24213342
Kelas  : 3 EB 24
Tugas Softskill 2